Callus and Corns
Callus and Corns are thickened areas of skin that form as a protective response to excessive pressure or friction on certain parts of the foot.
When we walk or stand, the weight is primarily carried by the heel and ball of the foot, which have thicker skin to withstand the pressure. However, when the pressure becomes too much, the skin thickens, resulting in the formation of corns and calluses. These can occur due to factors such as skin rubbing against a bone, shoe, or the ground.
What’s the difference between Callus and Corns?
Callus (or callosity) is an extended area of thickened, hard skin on the sole of the foot. It is usually symptomatic of an underlying problem such as a bony deformity, a particular style of walking or inappropriate footwear. Some people have a natural tendency to form callus because of their skin type. Elderly people have less fatty tissue in their skin and this can lead to callus forming on the ball of the foot.
Corns are caused by pressure or friction over bony areas, such as a joint, and they have a central core which may cause pain if it presses on a nerve.
There are different types of corns, with the most common being “hard” and “soft” corns:
- Hard corns: These are the most prevalent type, appearing as small areas of concentrated hard skin, often within a larger patch of thickened skin or callus. They may indicate issues with foot or toe function.
- Soft corns: Similar to hard corns, these develop between the toes, where the skin is moist from sweat or inadequate drying. They have a whitish, rubbery texture.
Other types of corns include seed corns, which are tiny and usually painless, typically found on the bottom of the foot; vascular/neurovascular corns, which have nerve fibers and blood vessels and can be very painful and prone to bleeding if cut; and fibrous corns, which are firmly attached to deeper tissues and occur after corns have been present for an extended period, often causing pain.
Treatment options…
1. Consult a Podiatrist:
It is recommended to seek professional advice from a Podiatrist before attempting any self treatment or using over-the-counter products. This is particularly important for elderly individuals or those with diabetes, poor circulation, or a compromised immune system.
2. Avoid Self Treatment:
Do not attempt to cut corns yourself, especially if you fall into the aforementioned high risk categories. Self treatment, such as using corn plasters or home remedies can lead to complications and infections.
3. Podiatrist Intervention:
A Podiatrist can safely and painlessly remove corns, reduce their bulk, and apply astringents to prevent sweat retention in soft corns. They can also provide relief by applying padding, insoles, or corrective appliances to alleviate pressure and distribute it more evenly.
4. Callus Treatment:
If you have calluses, a Podiatrist can remove hard skin, relieve pain, and redistribute pressure using soft padding, strapping, or corrective appliances. Additionally, they may recommend using emollient creams to delay callus formation and improve the skin’s elasticity.
5. Footwear Modifications:
Wearing more supportive or wider fitting shoes can help reduce pressure on the affected area. This can provide relief and prevent further irritation.
6. Skin Preparations:
Your Podiatrist can guide you in selecting suitable emollient creams or other skin preparations to improve the condition of your skin and prevent future issues.
What can I DO to help prevent and manage?
- Prior to bathing or showering, gently rub a foot file over the affected area for a few seconds, periodically checking to ensure the skin remains intact. If you intend to use a pumice stone, it is recommended to soak the skin beforehand.
- Apply moisturising cream to help soften the thickened skin. Be cautious not to apply cream between your toes.
- Use appropriately fitted and supportive footwear.
- It is advisable to avoid using acid-based products like corn plasters for self treatment unless recommended by your Podiatrist.
- If you have corns and calluses, consult a Podiatrist for safe removal and to identify the underlying cause.
Remember, it’s crucial to consult with a HPC registered Podiatrist for an accurate diagnosis and personalised treatment plan tailored to your specific needs.